Tài liệu Health Effects of Particulate Matter Air Pollution pptx

LINK DOWNLOAD MIỄN PHÍ TÀI LIỆU "Tài liệu Health Effects of Particulate Matter Air Pollution pptx": http://123doc.vn/document/1041415-tai-lieu-health-effects-of-particulate-matter-air-pollution-pptx.htm

Magnified ambient particles (www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/environment)
This presentation not organized
chronologically, but methodologically
Studies of short-term exposure (hours-days)
 Episode
 Population-based daily time-series
 Panel-based acute exposure
 Case-crossover

Studies of long-term exposure (years-decades)
 Population-based cross-sectional
 Cohort-based mortality
 Cohort- and panel-based morbidity
 Case-control studies

Intervention/natural experiment (months-years)

Controlled experimental human and animal

This presentation not organized
chronologically, but methodologically
Studies of short-term exposure (hours-days)
 Episode
 Population-based daily time-series
 Panel-based acute exposure
 Case-crossover

Studies of long-term exposure (years-decades)
 Population-based cross-sectional
 Cohort-based mortality
 Cohort- and panel-based morbidity
 Case-control studies

Intervention/natural experiment (months-years)

Controlled experimental human and animal

Q
&
A
This presentation not organized
chronologically, but methodologically
Studies of short-term exposure (hours-days)
 Episode
 Population-based daily time-series
 Panel-based acute exposure
 Case-crossover

Studies of long-term exposure (years-decades)
 Population-based cross-sectional
 Cohort-based mortality
 Cohort- and panel-based morbidity
 Case-control studies

Intervention/natural experiment (months-years)

Controlled experimental human and animal

Early “Killer smog” episodes demonstrated that air pollution at extreme
levels can contribute to respiratory and cardiovascular disease and death
Dec. 5-9, 1952: London 1000’s of excess deaths
Dec. 1-5, 1930: Meuse Valley, Belgium
60 deaths (10x expected)
Oct. 27-31, 1948: Donora, PA
20 deaths, ½ the town’s population fell ill
Respiratory and cardiovascular
disease and death
London Fog Episode, Dec. 1952
From: Brimblecombe P. The Big Smoke, Methuen 1987
Utah Valley, 1980s
• Winter inversions trap local pollution
• Natural test chamber
• Local Steel mill contributed ~50% PM
2.5
• Shut down July 1986-August 1987
• Natural Experiment
Large difference in air quality
when inversions trap air pollution in valley
Utah Valley: Clean day
Utah Valley: Dirty day
(PM
10
= 220 mg/m
3
)
m
g/m
3
/Numbers of Admissions
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
PM
10
concentrations
Children's respiratory hospital admissions
Mean PM
10
levels for
Months
Included
Mean High
PM
10
levels for
Months
Included
Pneumonia
and
Pleurisy
Bronchitis
and
Asthma
Total
Children's Respiratory Hospital Admissions
Fall and Winter Months, Utah Valley
Sources: Pope. Am J Pub Health.1989; Pope. Arch Environ Health. 1991
When the steel mill was open, total children’s hospital
admissions for respiratory conditions approx. doubled.
m
g/m
3
/Numbers of Admissions
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
PM
10
concentrations
Children's respiratory hospital admissions
Mean PM
10
levels for
Months
Included
Mean High
PM
10
levels for
Months
Included
Pneumonia
and
Pleurisy
Bronchitis
and
Asthma
Total
Children's Respiratory Hospital Admissions
Fall and Winter Months, Utah Valley
Sources: Pope. Am J Pub Health.1989; Pope. Arch Environ Health. 1991
Mill
Open
Mill
Closed